![]() ![]() They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5). ![]() The data are adapted from references 1-3. I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules relative to the Fermi level for metals and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. 1967, 47, 1300.Įlectron binding energies for krypton. These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references: Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats. The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. The ionisation energies of krypton are given below. The electron affinity of krypton is 0 kJ mol‑1. Ionisation Energies and electron affinity In essence, #"Ar"# is just a representation for #1s^(2)2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6# without us having to write it all out.Īll in all, the three given answers are correct ways of figuring out the ground-state electron configuration of Krypton. *Notice how the configuration #1s^(2)2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6# is the electron configuration for #"Ar"# so by starting with #"Ar"# we indicate that it is the configuration of everything that came before. The end result would then be: *# 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6# From there we write out the remaining configuration like we did in the first method. But we could also write out the configuration beginning using #"Ar"# since it is the closest noble gas with the lower energy. This method becomes really useful for elements that have a lot of electrons like Krypton because it becomes a hassle to write out such a long electron configuration.Ĭoincidently, Krypton itself is a noble gas so we could write the electron configuration as #. In essence, the shorthand notation tells us the configuration by using a noble gas element as our starting point instead of starting all the way at the #1s# orbital. The key to using this method is to identify the noble gas closest to the desired element that is at a lower energy (Has a lower atomic number if I'm loosely speaking). ![]()
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